1. Introduction

These procedures have been developed by The Australian National University to assist Budget Units to control, as far as is reasonably practicable, the safety and health hazards that may be associated with fieldwork.

These procedures use a performance-based approach that allows a Budget Unit flexibility to put in place procedures relevant to its fieldwork demands while simultaneously requiring the Budget Unit to maximise its performance in fieldwork health and safety.

Fieldworkers are reminded that the field is a workplace and appropriate standards of workplace behaviour are expected to be maintained.

It is a requirement that these procedures shall be followed by management, staff and students of the University, and other approved participants in fieldwork.

2. Definitions

2.1 Fieldwork, Fieldwork Supervisor

Fieldwork involves work undertaken for or in support of research, teaching, or instruction at a location off-campus (and, in general, outside an urban centre) as part of the activities of a Budget Unit.

Fieldwork supervisor is a participant in a fieldwork operation who has been approved by the Budget Unit to supervise that particular fieldwork operation for its duration.

2.2 Hazard Recognition, Risk Control.

Hazard recognition is the prior identification of hazards that can be associated with an activity. Potential hazards could be identified on the basis of previous experience or from the anticipation of problems that can be reasonably associated with the activity.

Risk control is the prior allocation of physical, human, and procedural resources to eliminate or to minimise, as far as is reasonably practicable, the risk to safety or health from a hazard.

2.3 Budget Unit.

Budget Unit refers to a School, Faculty, Division, Department, Centre or Unit designated by the Vice-Chancellor as responsible for an activity of the University.

3. Responsibility in Fieldwork

It is the purpose of these procedures to ensure that, when fieldwork is undertaken,

a) hazards are identified and their risk controlled as far as is reasonably practicable,

b) appropriate communication and emergency procedures are established.

3.1 Responsibility of the Budget Unit.

No fieldwork is to be undertaken without the approval of the Budget Unit.

The Budget Unit is responsible for all fieldwork undertaken by their employees, students, and other participants (e.g. visiting fellows, scholars, voluntary assistants, spouses, etc.) approved by the Budget Unit.

The Budget Unit is responsible to manage fieldwork in compliance with University occupational health and safety policy with the objective of securing, as far as is reasonably practicable, the health and safety of fieldwork participants and other persons.

Budget Unit management is responsible for the development and implementation of administrative procedures for their fieldwork activities in compliance with University policy.  The Budget Unit is responsible to ensure that each member of a fieldwork party be aware of the requirements of these procedures.

When a fieldwork operation is to be undertaken, the Budget Unit shall,

a) record the following information:

• the location(s), duration(s), mean(s) and route(s) of travel,
• the names and roles of each person participating, including the fieldwork supervisor,

b) complete a hazard recognition audit and implement necessary risk control procedures,

c) establish an agreed timetable, including contact schedules, a method for communication and (for overseas fieldwork) an institutional point of contact and an evacuation procedure,

d) on the basis of a satisfactory outcome from the above, approve the fieldwork operation and provide a briefing on the fieldwork operation before its commencement.

Collaborative fieldwork should not be undertaken with other organisations unless such operations are in compliance with ANU OHS policies and procedures.

3.2 Responsibility of Fieldwork Participants.

Each member of a fieldwork party should be aware of their responsibility to exhibit a duty of care for others and to minimise impact on the environment. All fieldwork participants have a responsibility under OHS law to work safely, taking all reasonably practicable steps to protect the health and safety of themselves and other persons.

Fieldwork participants should familiarise themselves with the OHS hazards relevant to the fieldwork activity and with the control practices that are to be put in place to minimise the risk from the hazards.

It is the right and responsibility of a participant to bring to the attention of the fieldwork supervisor any situation that is not in compliance with these procedures or Budget Unit procedures.

4. Recognition and Control of Hazards in Fieldwork

A hazard recognition audit shall be completed before fieldwork is approved by the Budget Unit. For this purpose, the pro forma in Appendix B may be used, as modified to include the experience of a Budget Unit, and other relevant factors.

The Budget Unit should consider the results and recommendations from the hazard recognition audit before approving fieldwork. For long term research projects or for repeat teaching excursions, the approval given by the Budget Unit should not exceed a period of one year.

4.1 Size and Composition of the Fieldwork Party.

It is desirable to have, as a minimum, at least two persons making up a fieldwork party.

Fieldwork involving undergraduate teaching needs to have acceptable student-to-staff ratios so that appropriate transport and supervision arrangements can be implemented to ensure effective risk control. An acceptable ratio of students to staff would depend on

• the prior training, experience and maturity of the students,
• the nature of the fieldwork.

A ratio of fifteen-to-one is recommended as a general maximum student-to-staff ratio for fieldwork involving undergraduate teaching. For routine operations with an established safe history, a maximum ratio of thirty-to-one may be acceptable. Careful consideration shall be given by Budget Unit management before approval is given to operations involving a larger student-to-staff ratio.

4.2 Vehicles and Drivers.

Vehicles used on fieldwork shall be of an appropriate type, be well-maintained, and be suitably equipped. Various lists of suggested equipment for road vehicles, depending on the nature of the fieldwork, are given in Appendix C and in the references in the bibliography.

People driving vehicles during fieldwork shall,

• hold a relevant and current government licence for each type of vehicle operated (e.g. car, bus, truck, boat, helicopter, airplane, etc.),
• be trained in the use of such vehicles (including four-wheel drive) under relevant operating conditions,
• comply with relevant government regulations (e.g. boats, planes, etc.).

4.3 Limits on Driving and Work Time.

The Budget Unit should set limits on driving and work time. Recommendations of CSIRO and the Federal Office of Transport in this regard are given in Appendix D.

As a guideline it is recommended that drivers travelling alone should not exceed three hours continuous driving without a break away from the vehicle of at least 20 minutes. When the driving is shared, drivers should change over every two hours. Cumulative driving time for any one driver should not exceed 8 hours in any 24-hour period.

The total time spent by any one person in fieldwork or in fieldwork plus driving should not exceed 12 hours in any 24-hour period.

However, the Budget Unit or the supervisor of the fieldwork may set more stringent limits after giving consideration to work and driving conditions and the experience of participants and drivers.

4.4 Navigation.

Appropriate navigation aids should be provided for a fieldwork operation. These may include,

• appropriate large-scale maps and aerial photographs,
• a compass of proven standard,
• GPS (global positioning system) latitude and longitude indicator,
• EPIRB (emergency position indicating radio beacon).

4.5 Weather Evaluation.

Fieldworkers should make themselves aware of the climatic conditions, tidal data and weather events that can be encountered in the location and obtain current weather forecasts on a regular basis during the time in the field.

4.6 Fire.

Fieldworkers should be aware of, or find out from the relevant land manager (Bushfire Council, Shire Council, park ranger, etc.), the fire regulations that will apply throughout the duration of their fieldwork operation.

Special consideration should be given in periods of high and extreme fire danger as restrictions on access, equipment and vehicles can apply. Note that many vehicles with catalytic converters carry a warning not to park in long grass because of the danger of starting a bushfire.

4.7 Firearms.

Firearms based in the A.C.T. are controlled under the Weapons Act 1991. A Budget Unit owning firearms must have a corporate licence from the Australian Federal Police (ACT Region) and each user of those weapons must hold a personal licence from the same source.

Firearms shall not be permitted on fieldwork, except where approved by the Budget Unit.

If the Budget Unit approves the use of a firearm, the Budget Unit shall appoint a licensed person to be responsible for the firearm, to ensure that laws relating to firearms are complied with, that the firearm is used in an appropriate manner, and that the firearm is secure against misuse at all other times. A Budget Unit shall not approve the use of a firearm for recreational purposes. Requirements for the transport and storage of firearms are given in Appendix E.

4.8 Smoking and Alcohol Consumption.

In accordance with University policy to provide a smoke-free workplace, smoking is prohibited in all vehicles and in shared places during fieldwork. In all other circumstances smokers should consider the rights and comfort of non-smoking companions. In common with all activities involving the use of fire, smokers should take all due care with respect to the fire hazard.

Alcohol is a significant contributory factor in many accidents and acts of prejudicial conduct. Alcohol should not be consumed when undertaking fieldwork. It should be appreciated that the field is a workplace and appropriate standards of workplace behaviour should be maintained.

It is recognised that some participants may choose to consume alcohol after work. It should be the individual's responsibility to ensure he or she does not contravene acceptable standards of behaviour and is not affected by alcohol when next they undertake work.

Any unresolved disputes which arise concerning this issue should be referred to the Budget Unit.

4.9 Sexual Harassment.

It should be appreciated that the field is a workplace and appropriate standards of workplace behaviour should be maintained, including a person's right to work and study in an environment free from personal intimidation and harassment.

The University's general policy statement on sexual harassment (Paper no. 46\1998) is given in Appendix F.

The ANU policy document 'Fieldwork and Sexual Harassment' (Paper no. 47\1998) states the following,

• Field trips are a component of the teaching and learning process, and therefore the conduct of sexual relationships is, in general, inappropriate.
• All fieldwork participants should recognise the risk of engaging in sexual relations in terms of later allegations of harassment.
• Allegations of sexual harassment will be dealt with in accordance with the relevant University policies and the disciplinary provisions of the relevant academic or general staff awards or enterprise agreements.
• The University states clearly in this policy that it is a responsibility of the fieldwork supervisor organising and conducting field trips to take all reasonable steps to ensure that they are safe for staff and students in all respects, including from sexual harassment of any kind.
• In the interests of the safety of both staff and students in the fieldwork situation, it is the responsibility of the fieldwork supervisor to ensure that all participants are aware of the University's policies and to satisfy themselves that they are familiar with the contents of this policy prior to proceeding into the field.

4.10 Fauna and Flora.

Fieldworkers should be aware of the hazards that may result from contact with local fauna and flora. The Budget Unit should implement practicable hazard control measures, including informing participants about the hazards, providing appropriate personal protective equipment, implementing specific work procedures, and providing suitable first aid equipment.

Participants should recognise that most native fauna and flora in Australia is protected by law.

4.11 Apparel and Personal Protective Equipment.

Fieldworkers should ensure they are appropriately attired for the fieldwork to be undertaken and for the likely weather conditions to be encountered.

Appropriate personal protective equipment for the tasks to be undertaken should be provided and used.

4.12 Provisions and Accommodation.

Appropriate provisions (plus a margin for safety) should be provided and appropriately stored.

Accommodation facilities should be appropriate for the requirements of the fieldwork and the hazards likely to be encountered.

4.13 Overseas Fieldwork.

Fieldwork out of Australia brings with it additional hazards, especially in less industrially developed countries. These hazards include both

• infectious diseases (via drinking water, food, poor sanitation, insect and animal vectors, etc.),
• risk to personal security.

The risk from these hazards may be amplified by the limited availability of

• communication facilities,
• emergency services,
• medical and hospital facilities,
• transport and business facilities.

Infectious Diseases. In the months prior to departure, fieldworkers going overseas should undertake an evaluation of the infectious diseases prevalent in their proposed work locations and the recommended protective measures against such infections, including

• safety of local water and food,
• availability of local medical and hospital services.

Common infectious diseases in some overseas countries include malaria, cholera, typhoid, dengue fever, filariasis, rabies, plague, schistosomiasis, meningitis, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, trypanosomiasis, tetanus, diphtheria, poliomyelitis, hepatitis A\B\C\D\E\etc., HIV, and worm infections. Special consideration needs to be given for

• pregnant women,
• those at increased personal risk (e.g. who have had a splenectomy).

Fieldworkers going overseas should consult a doctor with experience in travel medicine (available at the University Health Service, Phone (02) 6125 3598; the Travellers Medical & Vaccination Centre, Phone (02) 6257 7156). The consultation should take place at least six months before departure to ensure adequate time for completion of appropriate immunisations. Fieldworkers who are travelling to an area endemic for malaria or dengue fever can find further information here.

Health Services Australia provides a recorded information service "Traveller's medical vaccination information line" on (02) 6269 2032, a Travel Health Service phone 1300 361 046 or (02) 6269 2001 for an appointment, and information brochures on the following topics:

• General overseas travel advice
• Water treatment
• Altitude sickness
• Antibiotic treatment for traveller's diarrhoea
• Emergency stand-by treatment for protection against Malaria 
• Dengue fever
• Hepatitis A & B
• Japanese Encephalitis vaccination
• Meningococcal infection
• Rabies
• Typhoid Fever
• Yellow Fever

Personal Security. Fieldworkers going overseas should undertake an evaluation of the problems for their personal security and recommended practices to minimise such risks. Information may be available from your contacts in the fieldwork country, experiences of previous fieldworkers, the Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies fieldwork website at http://rspas.anu.edu.au/intranet/ifl/ and the current recommendations from the Commonwealth Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade published under "Consular Travel Advice" at their "Hints for Australian Travellers" website at http://www.dfat.gov.au/consular/hints/index.html

4.14 Deep Vein Thrombosis

Recent reports have indicated that a deep vein thrombosis, DVT, can develop in an individual during a long duration airline flight. A UK government committee report "Air Travel and Health" (Nov 2000) stated: "For healthy individuals, the risk of getting a clinically significant deep vein thrombosis solely because they are taking a flight seems to be exceedingly small. For those who are already at risk because they are subject to predisposing factors there may be an additional risk from flying, but it is not currently quantifiable." The report provides preventive advice for individuals in four risk groups:

• those of no known predisposing factors for DVT: exercise around the cabin and in the seat (ankle rotations for some minutes every half hour), avoid excess alcohol and caffeine drinks before and during the flight, drink water, fruit juice and non-caffeinated soft drinks.
• those at minor risk (e.g. over 40 years, extensive varicose veins): as above, plus taking only short periods of sleep, not taking sleeping pills, consider wearing support stockings.
• those at  moderate risk (e.g. recent heart disease, pregnant, taking the contraceptive pill): as above, plus low-dose, pre-flight aspirin under doctor supervision.
• those at substantial risk (e.g. recent major surgery or stroke or previous or current DVT): consider avoiding or postponing flight; if travelling, low molecular weight heparin instead of aspirin under doctor supervision.

5. Communication and Emergency Procedures

If a safety or health problem occurs during fieldwork, then its potential severity can be minimised if effective emergency procedures are in place, including facilities to allow communication within the fieldwork party and between the fieldwork party, the Budget Unit, and local emergency services.

The facilities required for good communication will depend upon a number of factors including

• location,
• type of operation,
• number and type of vehicles, boats, etc.,
• number of participants.

The communication solutions may include near-by phone links, mobilephone, CB-radio, Flying Doctor radio, and satellite communication. Where practicable, a communication device shall be taken on fieldwork. Fieldworkers shall be given training in the use of such communication devices.

5.1 Communication between Fieldworker Party and Budget Unit.

The fieldworker party should communicate with the Budget Unit while in the field if a communication schedule has been pre-arranged.

5.2 First Aid.

Each fieldwork party should carry an occupational first aid kit. Each party should have two or more of the participants currently certificated in first aid.  For fieldwork done in remote areas, first aid personnel should be trained in remote area first aid.  For course information see http://info.anu.edu.au/hr/Training_and_Development/OHS_Training/General_Courses/index.asp

The Budget Unit should encourage regular participants in fieldwork to undertake certification in first aid and training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

5.3 Emergency Procedures.

Emergency procedures should be established before departure, including contact procedures for relevant local emergency agencies (e.g. police, ambulance, Flying Doctor, park ranger, academic institution, etc.) and emergency contact procedures with the Budget Unit.

Appropriate arrangements should be in place to allow the Budget Unit to respond quickly if an emergency situation is communicated.

6. History

These Fieldwork Health and Safety hazard management procedures were reviewed by representatives of management and unions, reviewed and ratified by the Occupational Health and Safety Policy Committee, and approved by Warwick Williams, University Secretary on 14 May 1996.  Subsequent revisions reviewed and ratified by the OHS Policy committee and approved by Margaret Ford, Director, Human Resources.

These procedures should be read in conjunction with the University's Occupational Health and Safety Policy and other relevant policies and procedures of the University.

First issued: August 1996
Current revision:  May 2001

Appendix A

Fieldwork Request Form

• Personnel
  • Name and role of members of the fieldwork party (fieldwork supervisor, academic, student, assistant, etc.) and of other participants
  • Name of the first aid attendants
• Purpose for travel
  • Description of work, research, or teaching activities to be undertaken
• Method of travel
  • Vehicles
  • Registration numbers
  • Drivers (including licensing and training)
• Itinerary
  • Destinations
  • Dates and times of travel
  • Contact name and phone no. at destination (where possible)
  • Contact name and phone no. of nearest local emergency service
  •           Contact name and phone no. of relevant academic institution in overseas country
• Communication schedule
• Hazard recognition audit and control recommendations
  • Completed Appendix B
  • Implemented required control measures
• Fieldwork briefing session
• Area approvalon-approval
  • Signature of responsible officer and date

Appendix B

Hazard Recognition Audit and Control Recommendations

The checklist given below provides an indication of those hazards that may need to be considered in planning a fieldwork operation. For overseas fieldwork, additional information is available at the Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies fieldwork website at http://rspas.anu.edu.au/intranet/ifl/

Fieldwork party	Size Composition
Fieldwork activities at the site	Bushwalking Abseiling Tree climbing Sample collecting Underground work, caving Diving
First aid
Clothing and Personal protective equipment
Communication	Between participants With locals With Budget Unit
Camp site	Falling limbs Flash floods Safe from vehicles Secure from theft, harassment, etc.
Etiquette requirements	Bush etiquette Native etiquette Collecting permits Permission to enter private land
Camp requisites	Potable water and food Cooking facilities, LPG arrangement Power facilities, electrical services Lighting and noise Privacy Accommodation facilities Hygiene and ablution arrangements Smoking and alcohol consumption
Tides and Weather	Tide data Bureau of Meteorology Radio broadcasts
Transport	Vehicles Motor bikes Boats Aircraft Driver licensing Driver training
Deep vein thrombosis	See Section 4.14
Fire risks
Fauna and Flora	Snakes Spiders, ticks, insects, etc. Wild pigs, cattle, etc. Crocodiles, sharks, etc. Leeches Blue bottles, stone fish, blue-ringed octopus Zoonoses Botanical poisons or allergens
Navigation	Route selection Location determination Direction determination
Firearms
Overseas Fieldwork	See Section 4.13
Other hazards:

Appendix C

Tools, Spares, and Fittings for Road Vehicles

Careful consideration should be given to the type of vehicle used, its fitting out, and the spares and tools that will be routinely transported. Particular attention should be given to the loading characteristics of the vehicle and any additional fuel storage that is to be installed.

The checklist given below provides an indication of the items that may be appropriate.

• Tools - general
  • shovel
  • wire
  • tow rope
  • bull bag
  • axe
  • hand winch with 16 m cable
  • bucket
• Tools and equipment - for vehicle
  • open end spanner set
  • screwdriver set
  • pliers
  • adjustable wrench
  • multigrips
  • spark plug spanner
  • jumper leads
  • torchrouble light
  • jack\operating handle
  • wheel brace
  • bead breaker
  • tyre levers (two)
  • tyre repair kit
  • tyre pump (12 V or foot activated)
  • tyre refill canister
  • tyre pressure gauge
• Spares
  • wheelyreube
  • coil\condenser\contact set
  • fuses
  • fan belt
  • spark plugs (full set)
  • fuel filter
  • radiator hoses\hose clips
  • tyre valvesemover
• Lubricants and distilled water
  • engine oil
  • clutch fluid
  • brake fluid
  • distilled water
• Fuel
  • Additional fuel appropriately stored in spare fitted fuel tank or external metal jerrycans.
• Fittings
  • laminated windscreen
  • power steering
  • winch
  • long-range fuel tank
  • GPS
  • Flying Doctor radio
  • fire extinguisher (powder)
  • luggage restrainersets
  • roll cage\bull bar
  • driving lights
  • water tank
  • EPIRB
  • high-lift jack

Appendix D

Limits on Driving and Work Time

Recommended by CSIRO and Federal Office of Transport

CSIRO Driving Regimes (from CSIRO Policy Fieldwork in Remote Locations, Dec 1993).

Application

These guidelines apply to staff driving on bitumen roads under normal conditions such as travelling to and from the remote work. Additional guidelines may need to be developed by the Budger Unit for off-road and rough terrains in remote areas. These matters should be taken into account when developing trip plans for remote work.

Total travel time

No more than 8 hours in a period of 24 hours should be taken up with driving. The total time spent travelling, inclusive of breaks, should not exceed 12 hours, even where the driving is shared by two or more staff.

Total duty per day

Ordinary duty (which does not involve driving duty) combined with driving duty should not exceed 12 hours in any period of 24 hours.

Rest periods

On completion of each period of 2 hours driving, a person driving continuously should take a rest period of at least 20 minutes away from the vehicle. Where officers are sharing the driving responsibility, a change of driver should take place at least at 2 hourly intervals.

Driving roster

After a person has been the sole driver of a vehicle for 3 consecutive days, his\her fourth day should be a non-driving day.

Alcohol and drugs

No alcohol should be consumed nor any drugs taken during the period of the journey by any officer involved with driving duties.

Distance per day

Approximately 650 km should be the maximum any group travels by car in any one day. The distance which can be reasonably covered during a day will be governed by the type of vehicle, type of terrain, maximum time permitted to drive, and speed limits. Factors such as general safety, road and climatic conditions and weather should be taken into account as well as driver fatigue.

Federal Office of Transport

Private Motorists.

15 minute break out of the car every 3 hours.

Bus & Truck Drivers.

One person:
Maximum 12 hours per day driving time
Maximum 72 hours per week
Rest breaks - total of 30 minutes every 5.5 hours
Minimum break between driving shifts is 10 hours.

Two drivers:
Maximum 11 hours per day driving time per person
Maximum 66 hours per week per person
Same breaks apply as for one person.

Appendix E

Requirements for Transport and Storage of Approved Firearms

This appendix gives details of the requirements under which firearms, approved for use by the Budget Unit in a fieldwork operation, should be transported and stored.

A firearm should be transported,

• unloaded,
• out of sight,
• with magazine, bolt, and ammunition stored separately.

A firearm, when not in use, should be stored out of sight and in a secured location (e.g. locked vehicle, cupboard, etc.).

Appendix F

Sexual Harassment - General Policy Statement (Paper 46\1998)

The ANU's policy document "Dealing with Sexual Harassment at ANU" defines sexual harassment as follows:

2.1 A person subjects another person to sexual harassment if the person makes an unwelcome sexual advance, or an unwelcome request for sexual favours, to the other person or engages in other unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature in circumstances in which the other person reasonably feels offended, humiliated or intimidated.

In adopting that definition, Council noted that:

2.2 conduct of a sexual nature shall be read as including a reference to the making of a statement of a sexual nature to, or in the presence of, a person, whether the statement is made orally or in writing.

2.3 conduct of a sexual nature shall include the gratuitous use and\or display of pictures or objects with sexual connotations in a work or study environment within the University in circumstances in which the other person reasonably feels offended, humiliated or intimidated.

Harassment most frequently occurs when there is a real or perceived difference in power between the parties concerned:

3.1 that is, when a person who is in a position to affect another's employment, career, academic results, or acceptance in a group (such as a college or residence) uses that authority explicity or implicitly to gain, or attempt to gain, favours or to threaten or cause disadvantage. Such action is of both legal and ethical concern in an academic institution where staff and students work in an environment of dependence and trust.

3.2 sexual relationships between persons who are apparently of equal or similar status, such as students or colleagues, may include abuses of power.

3.3 forms of behaviour that may initially appear mild or trivial can constitute harassment in relationships where there is formal inequality of personal status.

3.4 because of differentials in power, the person who is the subject of harassment may not overtly indicate that the behaviour is unwelcome. If, however, the behaviour can reasonably be perceived to be harassing, then harassment may be determined to have occurred.

For the reasons outlined above, while the University does not wish to intervene in private sexual relationships, in general it cannot condone sexual relationships between staff and students. There may be a power imbalance in such relationships and, if they are unwelcome or if they develop and then founder, the unwelcome attention or the failed relationship may well give rise to a complaint of sexual harassment. Such a situation creates difficulties between the parties involved and the University.

It is clear that in some cases (and perhaps all cases involving supervision and\or assessment) a conflict of interest may arise if a student and staff member, or a staff member and their supervisor, enter into a sexual relationship. (See Conflict of Interest in Decision Making in the University Affected by Close Personal Relationships, Circular No. 1578, 11 November, 1992) Staff in this situation are at increased risk of allegations of sexual harassment and the perception by the University community that relationships of this type are inappropriate. The onus is therefore placed upon the supervisor to avoid situations which may lead to such a conflict, or failing that, to take steps immediately to remove that conflict.

Appendix G

Bibliography

Fieldwork Techniques

• Maurice Dunlevy, Stay Alive - A handbook on survival.
  AGPS, Canberra. Current edition. (3rd edition, 1981).
• Bureau of Mineral Resources, Safety in the Field leaflets.
  Bureau of Mineral Resources, Canberra, 1992-4.
• CSIRO OHS policies, CSIRO, Canberra, 1993.
  • Fieldwork in Remote Locations,
  • Working Alone.

First Aid

• I. Wilson and Peter McKie, Active First Aid.
  Parasol EMT Pty Ltd, Canberra. Current edition. (4th edition, 2000).
• I. Wilson, Remote Area First Aid.
  Parasol EMT Pty Ltd, Canberra. Current edition. (1st edition, 1999).

Infectious Diseases

• A.S. Benenson, Control of Communicable Diseases Manual.
  American Public Health Association, Washington DC. Current edition. (16th edition, 1995).

Overseas Fieldwork

• Commonwealth Department of Human Services and Health, Health Information For International Travel.
  AGPS, Canberra. Current edition. (4th edition, 1995).

Australian Standards

• AS 2299: Occupational diving.
• AS 2815: Training and certification of divers.
• AS 3001: Electrical installations - Movable premises (including caravans) and their site installations.
• AS 3005: Electrical installations of tents and similar temporary structures.

ANU Procedures

Staff and students are reminded that the usual University policies applying on campus apply equally to fieldwork.

• Vehicle Management Policy
• Sexual Harassment General Policy Statement (46\1998)
• Sexual Harassment Policy Statement, Fieldwork and  (47\1998)
• Sexual Harassment Procedures, ANU